QUBIC IV: Performance of TES Bolometers and Readout Electronics

TL;DR

This paper reports on the laboratory testing and characterization of the QUBIC IV prototype, focusing on TES bolometers and readout electronics performance for cosmological observations.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed performance evaluation of the TES bolometer array and readout system in the QUBIC IV prototype, including noise and operational parameters.

Findings

80% of detectors within operational parameters

Thermal decoupling compatible with phonon noise of 5×10^-17 W/Hz^0.5

Instrument noise equivalent power of 2×10^-16 W/Hz^0.5

Abstract

A prototype version of the Q & U bolometric interferometer for cosmology (QUBIC) underwent a campaign of testing in the laboratory at Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology laboratory in Paris (APC). The detection chain is currently made of 256 NbSi transition edge sensors (TES) cooled to 320 mK. The readout system is a 128:1 time domain multiplexing scheme based on 128 SQUIDs cooled at 1 K that are controlled and amplified by an SiGe application specific integrated circuit at 40 K. We report the performance of this readout chain and the characterization of the TES. The readout system has been functionally tested and characterized in the lab and in QUBIC. The low noise amplifier demonstrated a white noise level of 0.3 nV.Hz^-0.5. Characterizations of the QUBIC detectors and readout electronics includes the measurement of I-V curves, time constant and the noise equivalent power. The QUBIC TES bolometer array has approximately 80% detectors within operational parameters. It demonstrated a thermal decoupling compatible with a phonon noise of about 5.10^-17 W.Hz^-0.5 at 410 mK critical temperature. While still limited by microphonics from the pulse tubes and noise aliasing from readout system, the instrument noise equivalent power is about 2.10^-16 W.Hz^-0.5, enough for the demonstration of bolometric interferometry.