The Galactic center chimneys: The base of the multiphase outflow of the Milky Way

TL;DR

This study reveals the multiphase, magnetically influenced outflow structures called chimneys at the Galactic center, linking multiwavelength observations to the base of the Fermi bubbles and suggesting a complex, dynamic feedback process.

Contribution

It provides new multiwavelength evidence for the structure, composition, and magnetic influence of the Galactic center chimneys, connecting them to the Fermi bubbles and past activity.

Findings

Identification of interconnected X-ray, radio, and infrared features.

Detection of strong shocks and multiphase gas within the chimneys.

Evidence of magnetic fields shaping the outflow structures.

Abstract

Outflows and feedback are key ingredients of galaxy evolution. Evidence for an outflow arising from the Galactic center (GC) has recently been discovered at different wavelength. We show that the X-ray, radio, and infrared emissions are deeply interconnected, affecting one another and forming coherent features on scales of hundreds of parsecs, therefore indicating a common physical link associated with the GC outflow. We debate the location of the northern chimney and suggest that it might be located on the front side of the GC because of a significant tilt of the chimneys toward us. We report the presence of strong shocks at the interface between the chimneys and the interstellar medium, which are traced by radio and warm dust emission. We observe entrained molecular gas outflowing within the chimneys, revealing the multiphase nature of the outflow. In particular, the molecular outflow produces a long, strong, and structured shock along the northwestern wall of the chimney. Because of the different dynamical times of the various components of the outflow, the chimneys appear to be shaped by directed large-scale winds launched at different epochs. The data support the idea that the chimneys are embedded in an (often dominant) vertical magnetic field, which likely diverges with increasing latitude. We observe that the thermal pressure associated with the hot plasma appears to be smaller than the ram pressure of the molecular outflow and the magnetic pressure. This leaves open the possibility that either the main driver of the outflow is more powerful than the observed hot plasma, or the chimneys represent a "relic" of past and more powerful activity. These multiwavelength observations corroborate the idea that the chimneys represent the channel connecting the quasi-continuous, but intermittent, activity at the GC with the base of the Fermi bubbles.