Orbital and Planetary Challenges for Human Mars Exploration

TL;DR

This paper reviews the orbital and planetary challenges faced during human exploration of Mars, including radiation, communication, landing, and surface resource extraction, providing recommendations for future human settlement efforts.

Contribution

It systematically identifies and discusses the key orbital and planetary challenges for human Mars exploration, offering insights and recommendations for overcoming these obstacles.

Findings

Radiation and asteroid impact hazards in orbit

Communication disruptions between Mars surface and orbiters

Environmental and resource extraction challenges on Mars surface

Abstract

The space challenges do exist at every stride on a human expedition to Mars that arise due to galactic natural phenomena and artificial technologies. This paper emphasizes on Mars orbital and planetary challenges encountered from orbit to the surface exploration. The Mars orbital challenges embrace hazards of cosmic radiation and asteroid impact in orbit, disrupted communication relay from the ground, the intelligence of planetary weather clearance, and execution of successful entry, descent, and landing. Comparably planetary challenge encompasses identifying scientific landing site, an intrusion of erratic environment and weather, complexity in in-situ resource extraction and exploitation, navigation and surface mobilization, and retarded communication from relay orbiters. The prime intent of this study is to present every prospective challenge and its recommendations impending human settlement on Mars.