Efficiency of Thermal Conduction in a Magnetised Circumgalactic Medium

TL;DR

This study compares hydrodynamical and magnetohydrodynamical simulations to determine the efficiency of thermal conduction in the circumgalactic medium, revealing significant suppression of conduction due to magnetic fields.

Contribution

It provides the first quantitative estimate of thermal conduction efficiency in the magnetised circumgalactic medium through detailed 3D simulations.

Findings

Thermal conduction is highly suppressed, with efficiency factor f between 0.03 and 0.15.

Hot gas condensation contributes to gas accretion onto galaxies.

Magnetic fields significantly influence thermal conduction effects.

Abstract

The large temperature difference between cold gas clouds around galaxies and the hot halos that they are moving through suggests that thermal conduction could play an important role in the circumgalactic medium. However, thermal conduction in the presence of a magnetic field is highly anisotropic, being strongly suppressed in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. This is commonly modelled by using a simple prescription that assumes that thermal conduction is isotropic at a certain efficiency $f<1$, but its precise value is largely unconstrained. We investigate the efficiency of thermal conduction by comparing the evolution of 3D hydrodynamical (HD) simulations of cold clouds moving through a hot medium, using artificially suppressed isotropic thermal conduction (with $f$), against 3D magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations with (true) anisotropic thermal conduction. Our main diagnostic is the time evolution of the amount of cold gas in conditions representative of the lower (close to the disc) circumgalactic medium of a Milky Way-like galaxy. We find that in almost every HD and MHD run, the amount of cold gas increases with time, indicating that hot gas condensation is an important phenomenon that can contribute to gas accretion onto galaxies. For the most realistic orientations of the magnetic field with respect to the cloud motion we find that $f$ is in the range 0.03 -- 0.15. Thermal conduction is thus always highly suppressed, but its effect on the cloud evolution is generally not negligible.