On the diffuse interface models for high codimension dispersed inclusions

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the dimensionality of dispersed inclusions in diffuse interface models influences the form of the free energy functional, revealing that higher codimension objects require higher order derivatives or additional smoothness in the model.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the codimension of dispersed inclusions imposes restrictions on the energy functional's dependency on derivatives, especially for codimension 2 objects.

Findings

Higher codimension inclusions require higher order derivatives in the energy functional.

For codimension 2, solutions need additional smoothness with integrable first derivatives.

Numerical experiments support the theoretical restrictions on the energy functional.

Abstract

Diffuse interface models are widely used to describe evolution of multi-phase systems of different nature. Dispersed "inclusions", described by the phase field distribution, are usually three dimensional objects. When describing elastic fracture evolution, elements of the dispersed phase are effectively 2d objects. An example of the model which governs evolution of effectively 1d dispersed inclusions is phase field model for electric breakdown in solids. Phase field model is defined by appropriate free energy functional, which depends on phase field and its derivatives. In this work we show that codimension of the dispersed "inclusion" significantly restrict the functional dependency of system energy on the derivatives of the problem state variables. It is shown that free energy of any phase field model suitable to describe codimension 2 diffuse objects necessary depends on higher order derivatives of the phase field or need an additional smoothness of the solution - it should have first derivatives integrable with a power greater then two. To support theoretical discussion, some numerical experiments are presented.