In Vivo Quantitative Analysis of Anterior Chamber White Blood Cell Mixture Composition Using Spectroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography

TL;DR

This paper presents a non-invasive spectroscopic OCT method to quantify and differentiate white blood cell types in the anterior chamber of the eye, aiding uveitis diagnosis.

Contribution

It extends previous work by developing a technique to estimate blood cell mixture composition in vivo using spectral data and size distribution fitting.

Findings

Accurately estimates WBC mixture composition in vitro.

Shows congruence with traditional paracentesis in a pilot in vivo study.

Demonstrates potential for non-invasive uveitis diagnostics.

Abstract

Anterior uveitis is the most common form of intraocular inflammation, and one of its main signs is the presence of white blood cells (WBCs) in the anterior chamber (AC). Clinically, the true composition of cells can currently only be obtained using AC paracentesis, an invasive procedure to obtain AC fluid requiring needle insertion into the AC. We previously developed a spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT) analysis method to differentiate between populations of RBCs and subtypes of WBCs, including granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes, both in vitro and in ACs of excised porcine eyes. We have shown that different types of WBCs have distinct characteristic size distributions, extracted from the backscattered reflectance spectrum of individual cells using Mie theory. Here, we further develop our method to estimate the composition of blood cell mixtures, both in vitro and in vivo. To do so, we estimate the size distribution of unknown cell mixtures by fitting the distribution observed using SOCT with a weighted combination of reference size distributions of each WBC type calculated using kernel density estimation. We validate the accuracy of our estimation in an in vitro study, by comparing our results for a given WBC sample mixture with the cellular concentrations measured by a hemocytometer and SOCT images before mixing. We also conducted a small in vivo quantitative cell mixture validation pilot study which demonstrates congruence between our method and AC paracentesis in two patients with uveitis. The SOCT based method appears promising to provide quantitative diagnostic information of cellular responses in the ACs of patients with uveitis.