Bright electrically controllable quantum-dot-molecule devices fabricated by in-situ electron-beam lithography

TL;DR

This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of electrically controllable quantum-dot-molecule devices integrated into photonic structures, demonstrating high efficiency and single-photon emission suitable for quantum networks.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method for creating electrically tunable quantum dot molecules integrated with photonic structures using in-situ electron-beam lithography.

Findings

Photon extraction efficiency up to 24%

Demonstrated bias-controlled orbital coupling and charge state

Single-photon emission with very low multi-photon probability

Abstract

Self-organized semiconductor quantum dots represent almost ideal two-level systems, which have strong potential to applications in photonic quantum technologies. For instance, they can act as emitters in close-to-ideal quantum light sources. Coupled quantum dot systems with significantly increased functionality are potentially of even stronger interest since they can be used to host ultra-stable singlet-triplet spin qubits for efficient spin-photon interfaces and for a deterministic photonic 2D cluster-state generation. We realize an advanced quantum dot molecule (QDM) device and demonstrate excellent optical properties. The device includes electrically controllable QDMs based on stacked quantum dots in a pin-diode structure. The QDMs are deterministically integrated into a photonic structure with a circular Bragg grating using in-situ electron beam lithography. We measure a photon extraction efficiency of up to (24$\pm$4)% in good agreement with numerical simulations. The coupling character of the QDMs is clearly demonstrated by bias voltage dependent spectroscopy that also controls the orbital couplings of the QDMs and their charge state in quantitative agreement with theory. The QDM devices show excellent single-photon emission properties with a multi-photon suppression of $g^{(2)}(0) = (3.9 \pm 0.5) \cdot 10^{-3}$. These metrics make the developed QDM devices attractive building blocks for use in future photonic quantum networks using advanced nanophotonic hardware.