Simulations of athermal phonon propagation in a cryogenic semiconducting bolometer

TL;DR

This paper develops and compares three Monte Carlo models to understand how athermal phonons propagate in a cryogenic semiconducting bolometer, aiming to match experimental response features and identify dominant mechanisms.

Contribution

It introduces three novel models for athermal phonon propagation, revealing that reflective and geometrical propagation models align well with experimental data.

Findings

Reflective and geometrical models reproduce experimental response features.

Phonon thermalisation at the disc border produces unrealistic results.

No significant directionality dependence in the geometrical model.

Abstract

We present three Monte Carlo models for the propagation of athermal phonons in the diamond absorber of a composite semiconducting bolometer `Bolo 184'. Previous measurements of the response of this bolometer to impacts by $\alpha$ particles show a strong dependence on the location of particle incidence, and the shape of the response function is determined by the propagation and thermalisation of athermal phonons. The specific mechanisms of athermal phonon propagation at this time were undetermined, and hence we have developed three models for probing this behaviour by attempting to reproduce the statistical features seen in the experimental data. The first two models assume a phonon thermalisation length determined by a mean free path $\lambda$, where the first model assumes that phonons thermalise at the borders of the disc (with a small $\lambda$) and the second assumes that they reflect (with a $\lambda$ larger than the size of the disc). The third model allows athermal photons to propagate along their geometrical line of sight (similar to ray optics), gradually losing energy. We find that both the reflective model and the geometrical model reproduce the features seen in experimental data, whilst the model assuming phonon thermalisation at the disc border produces unrealistic results. There is no significant dependence on directionality of energy absorption in the geometrical model, and in the schema of this thin crystalline diamond, a reflective absorber law and a geometrical law both produce consistent results.