Pretty good quantum state transfer on isotropic and anisotropic Heisenberg spin chains with tailored site dependent exchange couplings

TL;DR

This paper presents a global optimization method to design isotropic and anisotropic Heisenberg spin chains with site-dependent couplings that enable near-perfect quantum state transfer without external control, even for short transfer times.

Contribution

The authors introduce a novel optimization approach to engineer spin chains with tailored couplings for efficient quantum state transfer, surpassing previous limitations of external control schemes.

Findings

Near-perfect state transfer achieved with optimized chains

Robustness against static disorder demonstrated

Scaling laws for exchange couplings established

Abstract

Using a global optimization algorithm we obtain spin chains with site-dependent exchange coefficients which allow almost perfect quantum state transfer between the extremes of the chains without any further time-dependent external control. We consider chains with isotropic and anisotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian with up to 100 spins. The method allow us to choose the arrival of the transferred state by changing the range available to the exchange coupling strengths. We consider short transferred times, in particular shorter than those achievable with known time-dependent control schemes. The chains obtained with the optimization method show some remarkable and interesting traits as, for instance, the scaling of the magnitude of the exchange couplings needed to achieve near perfect state transfer with the length of the chain and the arrival time. This scaling makes it possible to decide if the chain with site-dependent coefficients can be implemented in an actual system according to the range of interactions allowed in it. We compare the robustness of the transmission protocol against static disorder on the exchange coefficients using different figures of merit, which allow us to conclude that the isotropic Heisenberg chain is the best option when compared with anisotropic chains. This comparison is relevant since the method allow us to start with chains that all achieve near perfect quantum state transfer, regime that was not available previously in these chains without time-dependent external control.