Benefits of direct electron detection and PCA for EELS investigation of organic photovoltaics materials

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that direct electron detection cameras significantly improve EELS spectral quality and, combined with PCA, enable precise nanoscale chemical mapping of organic photovoltaic materials, especially for beam-sensitive samples.

Contribution

It introduces the combined use of direct electron detection and PCA in EELS to enhance chemical imaging of organic solar cell materials, addressing beam sensitivity issues.

Findings

Direct electron detection yields superior spectral quality compared to CCD cameras.

PCA is crucial for distinguishing donor and acceptor phases in EELS maps.

Enhanced spectral and spatial resolution aids in analyzing organic photovoltaic nanostructures.

Abstract

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is a powerful tool for imaging chemical variations at the nanoscale. Here, we investigate a polymer/organic small molecule-blend used as absorber layer in an organic solar cell and employ EELS for distinguishing polymer donor and small molecule acceptor domains in the nanostructured blend based on elemental maps of light elements, such as nitrogen, sulfur or fluorine. Especially for beam sensitive samples, the electron dose needs to be limited, therefore optimized acquisition and data processing strategies are required. We compare data acquired on a post-column energy filter with a direct electron detection camera to data from a conventional CCD camera on the same filter and we investigate the impact of statistical data processing methods (principal components analysis, PCA) on acquired spectra and elemental maps extracted from spectrum images. Our work shows, that the quality of spectra on a direct electron detection camera is far superior to conventional CCD imaging, and thereby allows clear identification of ionization edges and the fine structure of these edges. For the quality of the elemental maps, the application of PCA is essential to allow a clear separation between the donor and acceptor phase in the bulk heterojunction absorber layer of a non-fullerene organic solar cell.