Unstable kink and anti-kink profile for the sine-Gordon equation on a $\mathcal{Y}$-junction graph with $\delta'$-interaction at the vertex

TL;DR

This paper investigates the stability of kink and anti-kink solutions in the sine-Gordon equation on a Y-junction graph with delta-prime boundary conditions, revealing their linear and nonlinear instability through spectral analysis.

Contribution

It applies a recent linear instability criterion to analyze the spectral stability of soliton solutions on a metric graph with complex boundary conditions, extending the understanding of sine-Gordon dynamics on networks.

Findings

Kink and anti-kink solutions are linearly unstable.

Spectral analysis confirms the presence of real eigenvalues indicating instability.

Methodology can be extended to other graph structures and boundary conditions.

Abstract

The sine-Gordon equation on a metric graph with a structure represented by a $\mathcal{Y}$-junction, is considered. The model is endowed with boundary conditions at the graph-vertex of $\delta'$-interaction type, expressing continuity of the derivatives of the wave functions plus a Kirchhoff-type rule for the self-induced magnetic flux. It is shown that particular stationary, kink and kink/anti-kink soliton profile solutions to the model are linearly (and nonlinearly) unstable. To that end, a recently developed linear instability criterion for evolution models on metric graphs by Angulo and Cavalcante (2020), which provides the sufficient conditions on the linearized operator around the wave to have a pair of real positive/negative eigenvalues, is applied. This leads to the spectral study to the linearize operator and of its Morse index. The analysis is based on analytic perturbation theory, Sturm-Liouville oscillation results and the extension theory of symmetric operators. The methods presented in this manuscript have prospect for the study of the dynamic of solutions for the sine-Gordon model on metric graphs with finite bounds or on metric tree graphs and/or loop graphs.