Possible Atmospheric Diversity of Low Mass Exoplanets, some Central Aspects

TL;DR

This paper explores the diversity of low-mass exoplanet atmospheres, highlighting key processes, recent observations, and models that suggest a wide range of possible atmospheric compositions and evolutions.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of factors influencing exoplanet atmospheric diversity, integrating new observations, theories, and models to understand potential atmospheric variations.

Findings

Atmospheric evolution is shaped by multiple interacting processes.

Diverse atmospheric compositions are possible in exoplanets.

Uncertainties remain in modeling exoplanet atmospheres.

Abstract

Exoplanetary science continues to excite and surprise with its rich diversity. We discuss here some key aspects potentially influencing the range of exoplanetary terrestrial-type atmospheres which could exist in nature. We are motivated by newly emerging observations, refined approaches to address data degeneracies, improved theories for key processes affecting atmospheric evolution and a new generation of atmospheric models which couple physical processes from the deep interior through to the exosphere and consider the planetary-star system as a whole. Using the Solar System as our guide we first summarize the main processes which sculpt atmospheric evolution then discuss their potential interactions in the context of exoplanetary environments. We summarize key uncertainties and consider a diverse range of atmospheric compositions discussing their potential occurrence in an exoplanetary context.