Importance of meson-meson and of diquark-antidiquark creation operators for a $\bar{b} \bar{b} u d$ tetraquark

TL;DR

This study uses lattice QCD to analyze the internal structure of a $ar{b} ar{b} u d$ tetraquark, comparing meson-meson and diquark-antidiquark configurations, revealing the dominance of diquark-antidiquark at short distances.

Contribution

It provides a detailed lattice QCD comparison of meson-meson and diquark-antidiquark operators for the $ar{b} ar{b} u d$ tetraquark, highlighting the structure's dependence on quark separation.

Findings

Diquark-antidiquark structure dominates at separations less than 0.25 fm.

The tetraquark is mainly a meson-meson state at larger separations.

The estimated ratio of meson-meson to diquark-antidiquark components is approximately 60% to 40%.

Abstract

In recent years, the existence of a hadronically stable $\bar{b} \bar{b} u d$ tetraquark with quantum numbers $I(J^P) = 0(1^+)$ was confirmed by first principles lattice QCD computations. In this work we use lattice QCD to compare two frequently discussed competing structures for this tetraquark by considering meson-meson as well as diquark-antidiquark creation operators. We use the static-light approximation, where the two $\bar{b}$ quarks are assumed to be infinitely heavy with frozen positions, while the light $u$ and $d$ quarks are fully relativistic. By minimizing effective energies and by solving generalized eigenvalue problems we determine the importance of the meson-meson and the diquark-antidiquark creation operators with respect to the ground state. It turns out, that the diquark-antidiquark structure dominates for $\bar{b} \bar{b}$ separations $r < 0.25 \, \text{fm}$, whereas it becomes increasingly more irrelevant for larger separations, where the $I(J^P) = 0(1^+)$ tetraquark is mostly a meson-meson state. We also estimate the meson-meson to diquark-antidiquark ratio of this tetraquark and find around $60\% / 40\%$.