Zero-dynamics Attack, Variations, and Countermeasures
Hyungbo Shim, Juhoon Back, Yongsoon Eun, Gyunghoon Park, Jihan Kim

TL;DR
This paper reviews zero-dynamics attacks on control systems, explores their vulnerabilities, and proposes countermeasures involving zero relocation in digital implementations to enhance system security.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive overview of zero-dynamics attacks, introduces variants, analyzes vulnerabilities, and proposes a novel countermeasure involving zero relocation in digital systems.
Findings
Unstable zeros increase attack risk.
Zero relocation can mitigate attack effectiveness.
Countermeasures involve modified digital sampling.
Abstract
This chapter presents an overview on actuator attacks that exploit zero dynamics, and countermeasures against them. First, zero-dynamics attack is re-introduced based on a canonical representation called normal form. Then it is shown that the target dynamic system is at elevated risk if the associated zero dynamics is unstable. From there on, several questions are raised in series to ensure when the target system is immune to the attack of this kind. The first question is: Is the target system secure from zero-dynamics attack if it does not have any unstable zeros? An answer provided for this question is: No, the target system may still be at risk due to another attack surface emerging in the process of implementation. This is followed by a series of next questions, and in the course of providing answers, variants of the classic zero-dynamics attack are presented, from which the…
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Taxonomy
TopicsSmart Grid Security and Resilience · Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security · Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
