Proper and improper chiral magnetic interactions

TL;DR

This paper clarifies the fundamental principles behind chiral magnetic interactions, addressing inconsistencies in recent generalized models and providing a straightforward explanation for their origin.

Contribution

It identifies issues in existing generalized chiral interactions and offers a simple, principled resolution to ensure they comply with fundamental physical laws.

Findings

Some proposed interactions violate basic symmetry principles.

The origin of these violations is explained and resolved.

Guidelines for proper modeling of chiral magnetic interactions.

Abstract

Atomistic spin models are of great value for predicting and understanding the magnetic properties of real materials, and extensions of the existing models open routes to new physics and potential applications. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is the prototype for chiral magnetic interactions, and several recent works have uncovered or proposed various types of generalized chiral interactions. However, in some cases the proposed interactions or their interpretation do not comply with basic principles such as being independent of the magnetic configuration from which they are evaluated, or even obeying time-reversal invariance. In this letter, we present a simple explanation for the origin of these puzzling findings, and point out how to resolve them.