Algorithms for Generating All Static Spherically Symmetric (An)isotropic Fluid Solutions of Einstein's Equations

TL;DR

This paper develops algorithms to generate all static spherically symmetric anisotropic fluid solutions of Einstein's equations, analyzing regularity conditions and providing efficient methods for constructing physically plausible models.

Contribution

It introduces new algorithms for generating all regular anisotropic solutions and analyzes their regularity, expanding the toolkit for modeling relativistic fluid spheres.

Findings

New algorithms efficiently generate regular anisotropic solutions.

Regularity conditions are fully characterized for all input function pairs.

Examples of solutions with desirable physical properties are constructed.

Abstract

We study the Einstein equations of the static spherically symmetric anisotropic fluid system in curvature coordinates to find algorithms that generate all solutions and all solutions that are regular at the center. All possible combinations of input functions from the set of four functions that characterize the anisotropic system are considered and all equivalent conditions for central regularity are determined (for both isotropic and anisotropic systems). We provide the first regularity analysis of the known algorithm that uses the potential function and anisotropy as inputs. For three other choices of input function pairs (any two of the potential function, density, or radial pressure), a remarkably straightforward algorithm follows, which is very efficient in generating regular anisotropic solutions. This is because the equivalency of the three pairs in this algorithm arises precisely from the same algebraic relation that made the different equivalent sets of regularity conditions possible. In addition, the choice of functions makes this algorithm very suitable for finding particular solutions that admit other desirable physical properties; we construct three examples. This algorithm does not admit an isotropic limit although all isotropic solutions are produced as part of the anisotropic system. The remaining two choices of input function pairs (anisotropy with the radial pressure or density) lead to the old barriers one encounters in the isotropic system: Riccati and Abel equations. However, with any solution generated by the new and existing algorithms, one can now construct the general solution of the corresponding Riccati equation to obtain a one-parameter family of geometries for each input solution. We discuss the regularity of the resulting solutions.