The maximum sum of sizes of cross-intersecting families of subsets of a set

TL;DR

This paper determines the maximum combined size of two cross-intersecting families of subsets with bounded sizes, providing a precise upper bound and characterizing the extremal families.

Contribution

It establishes a sharp upper bound on the sum of sizes of cross-intersecting families of bounded subsets and characterizes the extremal families achieving equality.

Findings

Derived an explicit upper bound for the sum of sizes of cross-intersecting families.

Identified the structure of extremal families that attain the maximum sum.

Proved the bound holds for all relevant parameters with equality conditions.

Abstract

A set of sets is called a family. Two families $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$ of sets are said to be cross-intersecting if each member of $\mathcal{A}$ intersects each member of $\mathcal{B}$. For any two integers $n$ and $k$ with $1 \leq k \leq n$, let ${[n] \choose \leq k}$ denote the family of subsets of $[n] = \{1, \dots, n\}$ that have at most $k$ elements. We show that if $\mathcal{A}$ is a non-empty subfamily of ${[n] \choose \leq r}$, $\mathcal{B}$ is a non-empty subfamily of ${[n] \choose \leq s}$, $r \leq s$, and $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$ are cross-intersecting, then \[|\mathcal{A}| + |\mathcal{B}| \leq 1 + \sum_{i=1}^s \left({n \choose i} - {n-r \choose i} \right),\] and equality holds if $\mathcal{A} = \{[r]\}$ and $\mathcal{B}$ is the family of sets in ${[n] \choose \leq s}$ that intersect $[r]$.