Heavy dark matter and Gravitational waves

TL;DR

This paper investigates the production of heavy dark matter during a first-order phase transition involving a $ ext{Z}_3$ symmetry breakdown, and explores how gravitational waves from domain walls could be detected by pulsar timing arrays.

Contribution

It introduces a novel scenario linking heavy dark matter production with gravitational wave signals from domain walls in a $ ext{Z}_3$ symmetry breaking context.

Findings

Gravitational waves from domain walls decay are detectable by Pulsar Timing Arrays.

Heavy dark matter can be produced around the phase transition temperature.

Future observatories like SKA can probe these gravitational wave signals.

Abstract

Domain walls can form after breakdown of a discrete symmetry induced by first-order phase transition, we study the heavy dark matter produced around the temperature of the phase transition that yields the breakdown of a $\mathbb{Z}_{3}$ symmetry. The generated gravitational waves by domain walls decay is found to be able to probed by the Pulsar Timing Arrays, and the future Square Kilometer Array.