Photochromic response of encapsulated oxygen-containing yttrium hydride thin films

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that encapsulating oxygen-containing yttrium hydride thin films with thin, transparent barriers stabilizes their photochromic response over time, making them suitable for long-term applications like smart windows.

Contribution

It shows that non-organic diffusion barriers effectively protect yttrium hydride films from degradation without affecting their photochromic properties.

Findings

Encapsulation maintains stable photochromic response over time.

Barrier layers prevent aging-related degradation.

Photochromic behavior is unaffected by environment when encapsulated.

Abstract

Photochromic oxygen$-$containing yttrium$-$hydride thin films are synthesized by argon$-$magnetron sputtering on microscope slides. Some of them are encapsulated with a thin, transparent and non$-$photochromic diffusion-barrier layer of either Al2O3 or Si3N4. Ion beam-based methods prove that these protective diffusion barriers are stable and free from pinholes, with thicknesses of only a few tens of nanometers. Optical spectrophotometry reveals that the photochromic response and relaxation time for both $-$ protected and unprotected $-$ samples are almost identical. Ageing effects in the unprotected films lead to degradation of the photochromic performance (self$-$delamination) while the photochromic response for the encapsulated films is stable. Our results show that the environment does not play a decisive role for the photochromic process and encapsulation of oxygen containing rare-earth hydride films with transparent and non-organic thin diffusion barrier layers provides long-time stability of the films, mandatory for applications as photochromic coatings on e.g., smart windows.