New fit of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors from $e^+e^-$ colliders

TL;DR

This paper analyzes recent $e^+e^-$ collider data to refine the understanding of proton electromagnetic form factors in the time-like region, revealing oscillations, form factor moduli, ratios, and angular asymmetries with improved precision.

Contribution

It provides the first determination of individual proton form factor moduli and offers a new coherent description of electric and magnetic form factors in the time-like region.

Findings

Oscillations in annihilation cross section are confirmed with better precision.

First determination of the moduli of individual form factors.

Proposed a unified description of form factors from threshold to high momenta.

Abstract

The data on the proton form factors in the time-like region from the BaBar, BESIII and CMD-3 Collaborations are examined to have coherent pieces of information on the proton structure. Oscillations in the annihilation cross section, previously observed, are determined with better precision. The moduli of the individual form factors, determined for the first time, their ratio and the angular asymmetry of the annihilation reaction $e^+e^-\to\bar p p$ are discussed. Fiits of the available data on the cross section, the effective form factor, and the form factor ratio, allow to propose a description of the electric and magnetic time-like form factors from the threshold up to the highest momenta.