Natural inflation with a nonminimal coupling to gravity

TL;DR

This paper proposes that a very weak nonminimal coupling of the inflaton to gravity can reconcile natural inflation models with Planck cosmic microwave background data, improving their observational viability.

Contribution

It introduces a simple nonminimal coupling to gravity in natural inflation, showing it aligns predictions with observational data in both metric and Palatini formulations.

Findings

Nonminimal coupling improves fit to Planck data

Predictions stay within 68-95% CL for certain parameter ranges

Reheating remains successful in the extended model

Abstract

Although natural inflation is a theoretically well-motivated model for cosmic inflation, it is in tension with recent Planck cosmic microwave background anisotropy measurements. We present a way to alleviate this tension by considering a very weak nonminimal coupling of the inflaton field to gravity in both contexts of metric and Palatini formulations of general relativity. We start our discussions with a generic form of the inflaton coupling to the Ricci scalar, then focus on a simple form to do phenomenological study. Our results show that such an extension can bring natural inflation's predictions to a good agreement with the Planck data. Depending on values of the coupling constant $\xi$ and the symmetry breaking scale $f$, we find that with $|\xi|\sim 10^{-3}$ and $f\gtrsim 2.0 M_{\mathrm{pl}}$ predictions of the model stay inside $68\%$ CL allowed region until $f$ increases up to $7.7 M_{\mathrm{pl}}$, then only inside $95\%$ CL region after $f$ exceeds the latter value. The predictions from the metric and the Palatini theories are very similar due to the simple form of the coupling function we use and the small magnitude of the coupling $\xi$. Successful reheating can also be realized in this model.