Intuitiveness in Active Teaching

TL;DR

This paper investigates how intuitiveness affects human interaction with machine learning algorithms, proposing a theoretical framework and conducting a large-scale user study to evaluate teaching strategies and algorithm performance.

Contribution

It introduces a formal framework for intuitiveness in algorithms and empirically assesses human teaching effectiveness in a spatial learning task.

Findings

Intuitiveness significantly impacts human teaching success.

Different algorithms require different teaching strategies.

Large-scale user data reveals key factors influencing interaction efficiency.

Abstract

While Machine learning gives rise to astonishing results in automated systems, it is usually at the cost of large data requirements. This makes many successful algorithms from machine learning unsuitable for human-machine interaction, where the machine must learn from a small number of training samples that can be provided by a user within a reasonable time frame. Fortunately, the user can tailor the training data they create to be as useful as possible, severely limiting its necessary size -- as long as they know about the machine's requirements and limitations. Of course, acquiring this knowledge can in turn be cumbersome and costly. This raises the question of how easy machine learning algorithms are to interact with. In this work, we address this issue by analyzing the intuitiveness of certain algorithms when they are actively taught by users. After developing a theoretical framework of intuitiveness as a property of algorithms, we introduce an active teaching paradigm involving a prototypical two-dimensional spatial learning task as a method to judge the efficacy of human-machine interactions. Finally, we present and discuss the results of a large-scale user study into the performance and teaching strategies of 800 users interacting with two prominent machine learning algorithms in our system, providing first evidence for the role of intuition as an important factor impacting human-machine interaction.