Security of Connected and Automated Vehicles

TL;DR

This paper reviews the cybersecurity challenges of connected and automated vehicles within cyber-physical systems, discussing vulnerabilities, attack surfaces, and emerging technological solutions for enhancing security.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of CAV-CPS cyberattack surfaces and explores emerging technologies as potential security solutions.

Findings

Identification of key cyberattack surfaces in CAV-CPS

Analysis of emerging security technologies for CAVs

Discussion of strategies for attack detection and mitigation

Abstract

The transportation system is rapidly evolving with new connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies that integrate CAVs with other vehicles and roadside infrastructure in a cyberphysical system (CPS). Through connectivity, CAVs affect their environments and vice versa, increasing the size of the cyberattack surface and the risk of exploitation of security vulnerabilities by malicious actors. Thus, greater understanding of potential CAV-CPS cyberattacks and of ways to prevent them is a high priority. In this article we describe CAV-CPS cyberattack surfaces and security vulnerabilities, and outline potential cyberattack detection and mitigation strategies. We examine emerging technologies - artificial intelligence, software-defined networks, network function virtualization, edge computing, information-centric and virtual dispersive networking, fifth generation (5G) cellular networks, blockchain technology, and quantum and postquantum cryptography - as potential solutions aiding in securing CAVs and transportation infrastructure against existing and future cyberattacks.