Modular Invariant $A_{4}$ Models for Quarks and Leptons with Generalized CP Symmetry

TL;DR

This paper systematically analyzes $A_4$ modular models with generalized CP symmetry to explain quark and lepton masses and mixing, presenting minimal models that fit experimental data and unify quark-lepton flavor patterns.

Contribution

It introduces the most general form of mass matrices in $A_4$ modular models with CP symmetry and identifies minimal viable models for quark and lepton sectors.

Findings

20 models with 7 free parameters fit lepton data

A minimal quark model with 10 free parameters explains CKM matrix

Two unified models with 16 free parameters describe both quark and lepton flavor patterns

Abstract

We perform a systematical analysis of the $A_4$ modular models with generalized CP for the masses and flavor mixing of quarks and leptons, and the most general form of the quark and lepton mass matrices is given. The CP invariance requires all couplings real in the chosen basis and thus the vacuum expectation value of the modulus $\tau$ uniquely breaks both the modular symmetry and CP symmetry. The phenomenologically viable models with minimal number of free parameters and the results of fit are presented. We find 20 models with 7 real free parameters that can accommodate the experimental data of lepton sector. We then apply $A_4$ modular symmetry to the quark sector to explain quark masses and CKM mixing matrix, the minimal viable quark model is found to contain 10 free real parameters. Finally, we give two predictive quark-lepton unification models which use only 16 real free parameters to explain the flavor patterns of both quarks and leptons.