A Field-Enhanced Conduction-Cooled Superconducting Cavity for High-Repetition-Rate Ultrafast Electron Bunch Generation

TL;DR

This paper presents a compact, conduction-cooled superconducting cavity capable of generating high-repetition-rate, ultrafast electron bunches with low emittance, suitable for various scientific applications.

Contribution

It introduces a novel conduction-cooled superconducting cavity design with enhanced surface fields for high-repetition-rate ultrafast electron bunch generation.

Findings

Achieved sub-picosecond electron bunches at MHz repetition rates.

Demonstrated transverse emittance below 20 nm.

Designed for operation with a 2 W cryocooler at 4.2 K.

Abstract

High-repetition-rate sources of bright electron bunches have a wide range of applications. They can directly be employed as probes in electron-scattering setups, or serve as a backbone for the generation of radiation over a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum. This paper describes the development of a compact sub-Mega-electronvolt (sub-MeV) electron-source setup capable of operating at MHz repetition rates and forming sub-picosecond electron bunches with transverse emittance below 20~nm. The setup relies on a conduction-cooled superconducting single-cell resonator with its geometry altered to enhance the field at the surface of the emitter. The system is designed to accommodate cooling using a model a $2$~W at 4.2 K pulse tube cryogen-free cryocooler. Although we focus on the case of a photoemitted electron bunch, the scheme could be adapted to other emission mechanisms.