Carbon Chain Chemistry in Hot-Core Regions around Three Massive Young Stellar Objects Associated with 6.7 GHz Methanol Masers

TL;DR

This study investigates carbon-chain molecules in hot-core regions around massive young stellar objects, revealing higher temperature chemistry and isotopic variations compared to low-mass star-forming regions.

Contribution

It provides observational data and model comparisons of carbon-chain molecules in MYSOs, highlighting differences from low-mass WCCC sources and suggesting higher temperature environments.

Findings

CCH/HC5N ratio is ~15, lower than in low-mass WCCC sources.

Observed ratios are best reproduced by models at ~85 K.

No significant isotopic variation in two sources, but one shows higher HCC13CN abundance.

Abstract

We have carried out observations of CCH ($N=1-0$), CH$_{3}$CN ($J=5-4$), and three $^{13}$C isotopologues of HC$_{3}$N ($J=10-9$) toward three massive young stellar objects (MYSOs), G12.89+0.49, G16.86--2.16, and G28.28--0.36, with the Nobeyama 45-m radio telescope. Combined with previous results on HC$_{5}$N, the column density ratios of $N$(CCH)/$N$(HC$_{5}$N), hereafter the CCH/HC$_{5}$N ratios, in the MYSOs are derived to be $\sim 15$. This value is lower than that in a low-mass warm carbon chain chemistry (WCCC) source by more than one order of magnitude. We compare the observed CCH/HC$_{5}$N ratios with hot-core model calculations (Taniguchi et al. 2019). The observed ratios in the MYSOs can be best reproduced by models when the gas temperature is $\sim 85$ K, which is higher than in L1527, a low-mass WCCC source ($\sim 35$ K). These results suggest that carbon-chain molecules detected around the MYSOs exist at least partially in higher temperature regions than those in low-mass WCCC sources. There is no significant difference in column density among the three $^{13}$C isotopologues of HC$_{3}$N in G12.89+0.49 and G16.86-2.16, while HCC$^{13}$CN is more abundant than the others in G28.28--0.36. We discuss carbon-chain chemistry around the three MYSOs based on the CCH/HC$_{5}$N ratio and the $^{13}$C isotopic fractionation of HC$_{3}$N.