Estimates for commutators of fractional differential operators via harmonic extension

TL;DR

This thesis extends and refines methods for estimating commutators of fractional differential operators using harmonic extensions, simplifying proofs and generalizing key estimates with advanced function space characterizations.

Contribution

It introduces streamlined proofs for commutator estimates and generalizes blackbox estimates involving harmonic extensions and advanced function spaces.

Findings

Simplified proofs for commutator estimates

Generalized blackbox estimates with harmonic extensions

Enhanced understanding of function space characterizations

Abstract

This master thesis is based on the paper "Sharp commutator estimates via harmonic extensions" by Lenzmann and Schikorra, in which they proposed a method to prove estimates for commutators involving Riesz transforms, fractional Laplacians and Riesz potentials, see arXiv:1609.08547. These proofs only involve harmonic extensions to the upper half-space and integration by parts next to some elementary transfromations, since the deeper theory is concentrated in a variety of trace characterization results which can be used as a blackbox. In the first half of this thesis, after collecting some elementary results for the s-harmonic extension by Caffarelli and Silvestre, we use this method to prove a variety of commutator estimates, closely following Lenzmann and Schikorra except for shortening some proofs. In the second half, we prove generalized versions of the blackbox estimates listed by Lenzmann and Schikorra and discuss the different building blocks which make up these blackbox estimates, including Triebel-Lizorkin and Besov-Lipschitz space characterizations as well as square function estimates.