Closing the Loop: A High-Performance Connectivity Solution for Realizing Wireless Closed-Loop Control in Industrial IoT Applications

TL;DR

This paper introduces GALLOP, a novel wireless connectivity solution designed to enable high-performance, low-latency, and reliable closed-loop control in industrial IoT systems, overcoming limitations of existing technologies.

Contribution

GALLOP is a new wireless protocol that addresses the challenges of real-time closed-loop control in IIoT with control-aware scheduling, cooperative retransmissions, and scalable signaling.

Findings

Demonstrates low and deterministic latency in simulations and hardware tests.

Achieves high reliability and scalability for wireless closed-loop control.

Outperforms existing wireless solutions in meeting strict IIoT control requirements.

Abstract

High-performance real-time wireless connectivity is at the heart of the Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT). Realizing wireless closed-loop control is crucial for various mission-critical IIoT systems. Existing wireless technologies fall short of meeting the stringent performance requirements of closed-loop control. This paper presents a novel wireless solution, called \textsf{GALLOP}, for realizing closed-loop control over multi-hop or single-hop networks. \textsf{GALLOP} adopts a pragmatic design approach for addressing the challenges of wireless closed-loop control. Key design aspects of \textsf{GALLOP} include control-aware bi-directional scheduling for cyclic exchange, robust retransmission techniques based on cooperative multi-user diversity and low-overhead signaling for scalable operation. \textsf{GALLOP} has been specifically designed for control loops that are closed over the whole network with dynamics on the order of few milliseconds. Performance evaluation based on extensive system-level simulations and hardware implementation on a Bluetooth 5 testbed demonstrates that \textsf{GALLOP} provides high-performance connectivity with very low and deterministic latency, very high reliability and high scalability, to meet the stringent requirements of wireless closed-loop control for versatile IIoT applications.