A shear-compression damage model for the simulation of underground mining by block caving

TL;DR

This paper develops and tests a new damage model combining shear and compression effects to simulate underground block caving in copper mines, enhancing understanding of stress evolution during ore extraction.

Contribution

It introduces a shear-compression damage model based on gradient damage theory, incorporating anisotropic stress dependence for more accurate simulation of block caving processes.

Findings

Simulations accurately depict stress evolution in block caving.

The model captures anisotropic damage behavior.

Results improve understanding of mine environment impacts.

Abstract

Block caving is an ore extraction technique used in the copper mines of Chile. It uses gravity to ease the breaking of rocks, and to facilitate the extraction from the mine of the resulting mixture of ore and waste. To simulate this extraction process numerically and better understand its impact on the mine environment, we study 3 variational models for damage, based on the gradient damage model of Pham and Marigo (2010). In these models, the damage criterion may exhibit an anisotropic dependence on the spherical and deviatoric parts of the stress tensor. We report simulations that satisfactorily represent the expected evolution of the stress field in a block caving operation.