Using colloidal deposition to mobilize immiscible fluids from porous media

TL;DR

This study reveals that colloidal particle deposition, even without surface activity, can mobilize trapped immiscible fluids in porous media by increasing viscous stresses, offering new insights for energy and water applications.

Contribution

It demonstrates that colloidal deposition alone can mobilize trapped fluids, challenging the focus on particle surface activity in previous research.

Findings

Deposition promotes fluid mobilization without surface activity.

Increased deposition raises viscous stresses on trapped droplets.

Predictive model for fluid mobilization based on deposition and droplet geometry.

Abstract

Colloidal particles hold promise for mobilizing and removing trapped immiscible fluids from porous media, with implications for key energy and water applications. Most studies focus on accomplishing this goal using particles that can localize at the immiscible fluid interface. Therefore, researchers typically seek to optimize the surface activity of particles, as well as their ability to freely move through a pore space with minimal deposition onto the surrounding solid matrix. Here, we demonstrate that deposition can, surprisingly, promote mobilization of a trapped fluid from a porous medium without requiring any surface activity. Using confocal microscopy, we directly visualize both colloidal particles and trapped immiscible fluid within a transparent, three-dimensional (3D) porous medium. We find that as non-surface active particles deposit on the solid matrix, increasing amounts of trapped fluid become mobilized. We unravel the underlying physics by analyzing the extent of deposition, as well as the geometry of trapped fluid droplets, at the pore scale: deposition increases the viscous stresses on trapped droplets, overcoming the influence of capillarity that keeps them trapped. Given an initial distribution of trapped fluid, this analysis enables us to predict the extent of fluid mobilized through colloidal deposition. Taken together, our work reveals a new way by which colloids can be harnessed to mobilize trapped fluid from a porous medium.