Dependence of related parameters on centrality and mass in a new treatment for transverse momentum spectra in high energy collisions

TL;DR

This study analyzes transverse momentum spectra in various high-energy collisions using a multisource thermal model at the quark level, revealing how parameters depend on collision centrality and particle mass.

Contribution

It introduces a revised Tsallis--Pareto-type function to describe experimental data across multiple collision systems and energies, highlighting parameter dependencies.

Findings

Effective temperature and entropy index are higher in central collisions.

Parameter $a_0$ remains consistent across centrality classes.

Temperature and $a_0$ increase with particle or quark mass.

Abstract

We collected the experimental data of transverse momentum spectra of identified particles produced in proton-proton ($p$-$p$), deuteron-gold ($d$-Au or $d$-$A$), gold-gold (Au-Au or $A$-$A$), proton-lead ($p$-Pb or $p$-$A$), and lead-lead (Pb-Pb or $A$-$A$) collisions measured by the ALICE, CMS, LHCb, NA49, NA61/SHINE, PHENIX, and STAR collaborations at different center-of mass energies. The multisource thermal model at the quark level or the participant quark model is used to describe the experimental data. The free parameters, the effective temperature $T$, entropy index-related $n$, and revised index $a_{0}$, in the revised Tsallis--Pareto-type function are extracted at the quark level. In most cases, $T$ and $n$ in central collisions are larger than those in peripheral collisions, and $a_0$ does not change in different centrality classes. With the increase in the mass of produced particle or participant quark, $T$ and $a_0$ increase, and $n$ does not change significantly. The behaviors of related parameters from $p$-$p$, $p(d)$-$A$, and $A$-$A$ collisions are similar.