Methodology for In-flight Flat-field Calibration of the Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST)

TL;DR

This paper evaluates and proposes in-flight flat-field calibration methods for the Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) on the ASO-S mission, using simulations based on data from SDO to ensure accurate photometric response correction.

Contribution

It assesses various flat-field calibration techniques through simulations and recommends specific methods for each LST instrument to improve in-flight calibration accuracy.

Findings

KLL method is suitable for WST flat-field calibration.

Implementing a transmissive diffuser benefits SCI calibration.

For SDI, off-pointing images with defocused resolution and LCT algorithm are recommended.

Abstract

Flat-field reflects the non-uniformity of the photometric response at the focal plane of an instrument, which uses digital image sensors, such as Charge Coupled Device (CCD) and Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS). This non-uniformity must corrected before being used for scientific research. In this paper, we assess various candidate methods via simulation using available data so as to figure the in-flight flat-field calibration methodology for the Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST). LST is one of the payloads for the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) mission and consists of three instruments: a White-light Solar Telescope (WST), a Solar Disk Imager (SDI) and a dual-waveband Solar Corona Imager (SCI). In our simulations, data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission are used. Our results show that the normal KLL method is appropriate for in-flight flat-field calibration of WST and implementing a transmissive diffuser is applicable for SCI. For the in-flight flat-field calibration of SDI, we recommend the KLL method with off-pointing images with defocused resolution of around 18", and use the local correlation tracking (LCT) algorithm instead of limb-fitting to determine the relative dis-placements between different images.