On the Soundness of Bealer's Logics

TL;DR

This paper simplifies Bealer's intensional logics T1 and T2 and provides detailed proofs for the previously unproven lemmas in their soundness and completeness arguments.

Contribution

It offers a clearer presentation of Bealer's logics and supplies the missing, complex proofs for key lemmas in their soundness proofs.

Findings

Simplified the presentation of T1 and T2 logics.

Provided detailed proofs for previously unproven lemmas.

Confirmed the soundness of Bealer's logics.

Abstract

Bealer's intensional logics T1 and T2 were proposed and expounded most fully in his book \emph{Quality and Concept} (1982) \cite{QC} as well in \cite{C}. These logics are unique in being extensions of classical first-order associated to a non-nominalist or non-inscriptionalist ontology and theory of meaning. Structurally they are similar to the second-order systems proposed about the same time by Zalta \cite{zalta}. In the book and article referenced above Bealer presents a detailed sketch of a proof of soundness and completeness for T1 and T2 (something which seems to be lacking for Zalta's systems). However there are key steps to the soundness proofs which are stated without proof and which seem to be non-trivial. In this paper we both simplify the original presentation of systems T1 and T2 and supply the rather complex and involved proofs of Bealer's missing lemmas.