Breathing mode in two-dimensional binary self-bound Bose gas droplets

TL;DR

This paper investigates the stationary structures and breathing mode dynamics of two-dimensional binary self-bound Bose droplets, comparing analytical variational methods with numerical solutions to understand their stability and excitation behaviors.

Contribution

It introduces a super-Gaussian variational ansatz that better describes the system's properties and analyzes the stability of breathing modes versus evaporation in different droplet sizes.

Findings

Super-Gaussian ansatz outperforms Gaussian in modeling droplet properties.

Large droplets favor breathing modes over evaporation.

Angular momentum does not alter the preference for breathing modes.

Abstract

In this work, we present the study of the stationary structures and the breathing mode behavior of a two-dimensional self-bound binary Bose droplet. We employ an analytical approach using a variational ansatz with a super-Gaussian trial order parameter and compare it with the numerical solutions of the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We find that the super-Gaussian is superior to the often used Gaussian ansatz in describing the stationary and dynamical properties of the system. We find that for sufficiently large non-rotating droplets the breathing mode is energetically favourable compared to the self-evaporating process. For small self-bound systems our results differ based on the ansatz. Inducing angular momentum by imprinting multiply quantized vortices at the droplet center, this preference for the breathing mode persists independent of the norm.