The chromospheric component of coronal bright points. Coronal and chromospheric responses to magnetic-flux emergence

TL;DR

This study examines the chromospheric component of coronal bright points and their response to magnetic flux emergence, revealing a delayed chromospheric heating following coronal activity, using multi-layer spectral inversion techniques.

Contribution

It introduces a new multi-layer spectral inversion method to analyze the temperature variations of Halpha loops in coronal bright points and links chromospheric responses to coronal heating events.

Findings

Chromospheric Halpha loops are integral to CBP magnetic structures.

Chromospheric response occurs within 3 minutes of coronal heating.

Temperature increases of 46% and 55% observed in HLs and CBP footpoints.

Abstract

We investigate the chromospheric counterpart of small-scale coronal loops constituting a coronal bright point (CBP) and its response to a photospheric magnetic-flux increase accompanied by co-temporal CBP heating. We used co-observations from the AIA and HMI/SDO, together with data from the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph taken in the Halpha and Ca II 8542 lines. We used a new multi-layer spectral inversion technique to derive the temporal variations of the temperature of the Halpha loops (HLs). We find that the counterpart of the CBP, as seen at chromospheric temperatures, is composed of a bundle of dark elongated features named in this work Halpha loops, which constitute an integral part of the CBP loop magnetic structure. An increase in the photospheric magnetic flux due to flux emergence is accompanied by a rise of the coronal emission of the CBP loops, that is a heating episode. We also observe enhanced chromospheric activity associated with the occurrence of new HLs and mottles. While the coronal emission and magnetic flux increases appear to be co-temporal, the response of the Halpha counterpart of the CBP occurs with a small delay of less than 3 min. A sharp temperature increase is found in one of the HLs and in one of the CBP footpoints estimated at 46% and 55% with respect to the pre-event values, also starting with a delay of less than 3~min following the coronal heating episode. The low-lying CBP loop structure remains non-potential for the entire observing period. The magnetic topological analysis of the overlying corona reveals the presence of a coronal null point at the beginning and towards the end of the heating episode. The delay in the response of the chromospheric counterpart of the CBP suggests that the heating may have occurred at coronal heights.