Degree Counting Theorems for 2x2 non-symmetric singular Liouville Systems

TL;DR

This paper develops a generalized degree counting formula for 2x2 non-symmetric, non-invertible singular Liouville systems on compact surfaces, enabling existence proofs based on topological and positional data.

Contribution

It extends previous degree counting results to more general non-symmetric, non-invertible coefficient matrices in singular Liouville systems.

Findings

Derived a new degree counting formula for non-symmetric systems

Proved existence of solutions using the new degree formula

Applicable to systems with complex singularities and boundary conditions

Abstract

Let $(M,g)$ be a compact Riemann surface with no boundary and $u=(u_1,u_2)$ be a solution of the following singular Liouville system: $$\Delta_g u_i+\sum_{j=1}^2 a_{ij}\rho_j(\frac{h_je^{u_j}}{\int_M h_je^{u_j}dV_g}-1)=\sum_{l=1}^{N}4\pi\gamma_l(\delta_{p_l}-1), $$ where $h_1,h_2$ are positive smooth functions, $p_1,\cdots,p_N$ are distinct points on $M$, $\delta_{p_l}$ are Dirac masses, $\rho=(\rho_1,\rho_2)(\rho_i\geq 0)$ and $(\gamma_1,\cdots,\gamma_N)(\gamma_l > -1)$ are constant vectors. In the previous work, we derive a degree counting formula for the singular Liouville system when $A$ satisfies standard assumptions. In this article, we establish a more general degree counting formula for 2$\times$2 singular Liouville system when the coefficient matrix $A$ is non-symmetric and non-invertible. Finally, the existence of solution can be proved by the degree counting formula which depends only on the topology of the domain and the location of $\rho$.