Energy-Constrained Delivery of Goods with Drones Under Varying Wind Conditions

TL;DR

This paper investigates energy-efficient drone delivery under changing wind conditions by proposing a novel framework and three algorithms that adapt routes dynamically to improve mission success rates.

Contribution

It introduces a new time-dependent cost graph framework and three algorithms for energy-aware drone delivery under variable wind conditions.

Findings

Algorithms improve success rates in synthetic and real-world tests.

Dynamic route reconsideration adapts to changing wind conditions.

Energy consumption modeling reflects real-world wind effects.

Abstract

In this paper, we study the feasibility of sending drones to deliver goods from a depot to a customer by solving what we call the Mission-Feasibility Problem (MFP). Due to payload constraints, the drone can serve only one customer at a time. To this end, we propose a novel framework based on time-dependent cost graphs to properly model the MFP and tackle the delivery dynamics. When the drone moves in the delivery area, the global wind may change thereby affecting the drone's energy consumption, which in turn can increase or decrease. This issue is addressed by designing three algorithms, namely: (i) compute the route of minimum energy once, at the beginning of the mission, (ii) dynamically reconsider the most convenient trip towards the destination, and (iii) dynamically select only the best local choice. We evaluate the performance of our algorithms on both synthetic and real-world data. The changes in the drone's energy consumption are reflected by changes in the cost of the edges of the graphs. The algorithms receive the new costs every time the drone flies over a new vertex, and they have no full knowledge in advance of the weights. We compare them in terms of the percentage of missions that are completed with success (the drone delivers the goods and comes back to the depot), with delivered (the drone delivers the goods but cannot come back to the depot), and with failure (the drone neither delivers the goods nor comes back to the depot).