Sondheimer oscillations as a probe of non-ohmic flow in type-II Weyl semimetal WP$_2$

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that Sondheimer oscillations can be used as a quantitative in situ method to measure momentum-relaxing mean free paths in microfabricated topological semimetals, aiding the study of non-ohmic electron flow regimes.

Contribution

It introduces Sondheimer oscillations as a new, effective tool for probing bulk electron scattering lengths in microdevices, especially in topological semimetals like WP$_2$.

Findings

Sondheimer oscillations accurately measure $l_{MR}$ in WP$_2$ microdevices.

Measured scattering rates align with theoretical electron-phonon scattering predictions.

WP$_2$ retains high-quality transport properties after microfabrication.

Abstract

As conductors in electronic applications shrink, microscopic conduction processes lead to strong deviations from Ohm's law. Depending on the length scales of momentum conserving ($l_{MC}$) and relaxing ($l_{MR}$) electron scattering, and the device size ($d$), current flows may shift from ohmic to ballistic to hydrodynamic regimes and more exotic mixtures thereof. So far, an in situ, in-operando methodology to obtain these parameters self-consistently within a micro/nanodevice, and thereby identify its conduction regime, is critically lacking. In this context, we exploit Sondheimer oscillations, semi-classical magnetoresistance oscillations due to helical electronic motion, as a method to obtain $l_{MR}$ in micro-devices even when $l_{MR}\gg d$. This gives information on the bulk $l_{MR}$ complementary to quantum oscillations, which are sensitive to all scattering processes. We extract $l_{MR}$ from the Sondheimer amplitude in the topological semi-metal WP$_2$, at elevated temperatures up to $T\sim 50$~K, in a range most relevant for hydrodynamic transport phenomena. Our data on micrometer-sized devices are in excellent agreement with experimental reports of the large bulk $l_{MR}$ and thus confirm that WP$_2$ can be microfabricated without degradation. Indeed, the measured scattering rates match well with those of theoretically predicted electron-phonon scattering, thus supporting the notion of strong momentum exchange between electrons and phonons in WP$_2$ at these temperatures. These results conclusively establish Sondheimer oscillations as a quantitative probe of $l_{MR}$ in micro-devices in studying non-ohmic electron flow.