Comments on gauge anomalies at dimension-six in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory

TL;DR

This paper investigates whether dimension-6 operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory can induce gauge anomalies, concluding they do not, thus preserving the theory's consistency.

Contribution

It demonstrates that gauge anomalies do not arise from dimension-6 operators in SMEFT, countering recent claims and providing a method to verify anomaly freedom.

Findings

No gauge anomalies at dimension-6 in SMEFT

Goldstone bosons and gauge fields coupling does not induce anomalies

Method applicable to Standard Model confirms anomaly freedom

Abstract

We study whether higher-dimensional operators in effective field theories, in particular in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), can source gauge anomalies via the modification of the interactions involved in triangle diagrams. We find no evidence of such gauge anomalies at the level of dimension-6 operators that can therefore be chosen independently to each others without spoiling the consistency of SMEFT, at variance with recent claims. The underlying reason is that gauge-invariant combinations of Goldstone bosons and massive gauge fields are allowed to couple to matter currents which are not conserved. We show this in a toy model by computing the relevant triangle diagrams, as well as by working out Wess--Zumino terms in the bosonic EFT below all fermion masses. The same approach applies directly to the Standard Model both at the renormalisable level, providing a convenient and unusual way to check that the SM is anomaly free, as well as at the non-renormalisable level in SMEFT.