Relative roles of multiple scattering and Fresnel diffraction in the imaging of small molecules using electrons, Part II: Differential Holographic Tomography

TL;DR

This paper introduces Differential Holographic Tomography, a new method for 3D atomic reconstruction of small biological molecules in TEM, leveraging the shallow depth of focus and incoherent approximation for accurate results from limited data.

Contribution

It develops and demonstrates a novel computational method for 3D atomic imaging of molecules using TEM, focusing on the effects of Fresnel diffraction and multiple scattering.

Findings

Accurate atomic location reconstruction from limited TEM data.

Effective 3D imaging using the incoherent first Born approximation.

Method applicable to cryogenic electron microscopy and similar fields.

Abstract

It has been argued that in atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of sparse weakly scattering structures, such as small biological molecules, multiple electron scattering usually has only a small effect, while the in-molecule Fresnel diffraction can be significant due to the intrinsically shallow depth of focus. These facts suggest that the three-dimensional reconstruction of such structures from defocus image series collected at multiple rotational orientations of a molecule can be effectively performed for each atom separately, using the incoherent first Born approximation. The corresponding reconstruction method, termed here Differential Holographic Tomography, is developed theoretically and demonstrated computationally on several numerical models of biological molecules. It is shown that the method is capable of accurate reconstruction of the locations of atoms in a molecule from TEM data collected at a small number of random orientations of the molecule, with one or more defocus images per orientation. Possible applications to cryogenic electron microscopy and other areas are briefly discussed.