Construction and commissioning of CMS CE prototype silicon modules

TL;DR

This paper details the construction, commissioning, and initial performance evaluation of silicon modules for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter prototype, a key upgrade component for the HL-LHC.

Contribution

It introduces the design, assembly, and calibration methods of the novel silicon modules used in the CMS CE prototype calorimeter.

Findings

Successful construction and commissioning of silicon modules.

Basic performance metrics demonstrated effective calibration.

Prototype modules tested in beam conditions at DESY and CERN.

Abstract

As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS Collaboration is developing a High Granularity Calorimeter (CE) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The CE is a sampling calorimeter with unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout for both electromagnetic (CE-E) and hadronic (CE-H) compartments. The calorimeter will be built with $\sim$30,000 hexagonal silicon modules. Prototype modules have been constructed with 6-inch hexagonal silicon sensors with cell areas of 1.1~$cm^2$, and the SKIROC2-CMS readout ASIC. Beam tests of different sampling configurations were conducted with the prototype modules at DESY and CERN in 2017 and 2018. This paper describes the construction and commissioning of the CE calorimeter prototype, the silicon modules used in the construction, their basic performance, and the methods used for their calibration.