Analytical phase optical transfer function for Gaussian illumination and the optimized profiles

TL;DR

This paper develops an analytical method to calculate the phase optical transfer function for Gaussian illumination in phase microscopy, enabling faster optimization of illumination profiles for improved imaging performance.

Contribution

An analytical calculation approach for the POTF under non-uniform axially-symmetric illumination is introduced, facilitating efficient optimization compared to numerical methods.

Findings

Analytical POTF calculation is faster and equally accurate as numerical methods.

Optimal illumination profiles improve the uniformity of the POTF.

Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the optimized profiles.

Abstract

The imaging performance of tomographic deconvolution phase microscopy can be described in terms of the phase optical transfer function (POTF) which, in turn, depends on the illumination profile. To facilitate the optimization of the illumination profile, an analytical calculation method based on polynomial fitting is developed to describe the POTF for general non-uniform axially-symmetric illumination. This is then applied to Gaussian and related profiles. Compared to numerical integration methods that integrate over a series of annuli, the present analytical method is much faster and is equally accurate. Further, a balanced distribution criterion for the POTF and a least-squares minimization are presented to optimize the uniformity of the POTF. An optimum general profile is found analytically by relaxed optimal search and an optimum Gaussian profile is found through a tree search. Numerical simulations confirm the performance of these optimum profiles and support the balanced distribution criterion introduced.