Einstein-\AE ther Gravity in the light of Event Horizon Telescope Observations of M87*

TL;DR

This paper tests Einstein-e6ther gravity against EHT observations of M87*'s black hole shadow, constraining model parameters to match observed shadow size and spin bounds, thus providing observational viability checks for the theory.

Contribution

It introduces a method to compare Einstein-e6ther black hole solutions with EHT data, deriving parameter constraints based on shadow size and spin.

Findings

Einstein-e6ther solutions can match M87* shadow size within specific parameter ranges.

The study constrains e6ther parameters and spin to be consistent with EHT observations.

Parameter space analysis confirms the observational viability of Einstein-e6ther black holes.

Abstract

We investigate Einstein-\AE ther gravity in light of the recent Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of the M87*. The shape and size of the observed black hole shadow contains information of the geometry in its vicinity, and thus one can consider it as a potential probe to investigate different gravitational theories, since the involved calculation framework is enriched with different size-rotation features as well as with extra model parameters. In the case of Einstein-\AE ther gravity the black hole solutions include two classes depending on the involved \ae{}ther parameters. We calculate the corresponding photon effective potential, the unstable photon sphere radius, and finally, the induced angular size, which combined with the mass and the distance can lead to a single prediction that quantifies the black hole shadow, namely the diameter per unit mass $d$. Since $d_{M87*}$ is observationally known from the EHT Probe, we extract the corresponding parameter regions in order to obtain consistency. We find that Einstein-\AE ther black hole solutions agree with the shadow size of EHT M87*, if the involved \AE ther parameters are restricted within specific ranges, along with an upper bound on the dimensionless spin parameter $a$, which is verified by a full scan of the parameter space within $1\sigma$-error.