The Radio detection of inclined showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

TL;DR

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a new radio detection layer at the Pierre Auger Observatory to measure inclined ultra-high-energy cosmic ray showers, aiming to improve understanding of their origins and properties.

Contribution

It introduces a novel radio detection system for inclined air showers, extending previous techniques to horizontal events with high precision.

Findings

Design and production of 1660 radio stations completed

Expected to enhance measurements of inclined air showers

Aims to address open questions in UHECR physics

Abstract

Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR), of energy >10 EeV, arrive at the Earth regularly, but their sources, acceleration mechanisms, details of propagation through the universe, and particle composition remain mysteries. In addition, their interactions with the atmosphere show an unexpectedly high muon flux compared to simulations. To address these issues, the Pierre Auger Observatory, a hybrid 3000 square km ground based cosmic ray detector, is being upgraded, notably adding a completely new detection layer to measure the radio frequency emission of extensive air showers. This Radio Detector extends the vertical shower techniques developed in earlier radio arrays, such as the Auger Engineering Radio Array, to horizontal showers, with a precision that is expected to be similar to existing ground array techniques. It will provide a novel measurement for inclined showers, complementary to the other techniques. Details of the detection technique, the design and production of the full 1660 station Radio Detector and the expected reach in addressing the open questions in UHECR astroparticle physics are presented.