Self-trapped atomic matter wave in a ring cavity

TL;DR

This paper investigates self-trapped atomic matter waves in a Bose-Einstein condensate within a ring cavity, analyzing their stability, dynamics, and effects of cavity decay through mean-field, variational, and numerical methods.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of self-trapped states in a BEC-ring cavity system, including their stability and dynamics influenced by cavity decay, with comparisons to semiclassical theory.

Findings

Self-trapped states are stable at strong pumping.

Cavity decay rate affects wave damping and deceleration.

Self-trapped waves exhibit damped oscillations at low decay rates.

Abstract

We studied a system of atomic Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to a ring cavity within the mean-field theory. Due to the interaction between atoms and light field, the atoms can be self-trapped. This is verified with both variational and numerical methods. We examined the stability of these self-trapped states. For a weakly pumped cavity, they spread during the evolution; while at strong pumping, they can maintain the shape for a long time. We also studied the moving dynamics of these self-trapped waves, and found out that it can be strongly affected by the cavity decay rate. For a small cavity decay rate, the self-trapped waves undergo a damped oscillation. Increasing the cavity decay rate will lead to a deceleration of the self-trapped waves. We also compared the main results with the semiclassical theory in which atoms are treated as classical particles.