Exploiting Ultralow Loss Multimode Waveguides for Broadband Frequency Combs

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates ultralow loss multimode waveguides with high quality factors, enabling broadband frequency combs with low pump power, achieved by mode shaping to reduce interface overlap and relax fabrication constraints.

Contribution

It introduces a novel mode shaping approach in multimode waveguides to achieve ultralow loss and high-Q microresonators, facilitating broadband frequency comb generation with reduced fabrication complexity.

Findings

Microresonators with Q of ~32 million achieved.

Single-soliton frequency comb spanning 1097-2040 nm generated.

Record-low pump power of 73 μW for parametric oscillation.

Abstract

Low propagation loss in high confinement waveguides is critical for chip-based nonlinear photonics applications. Sophisticated fabrication processes which yield sub-nm roughness are generally needed to reduce scattering points at the waveguide interfaces in order to achieve ultralow propagation loss. Here, we show ultralow propagation loss by shaping the mode using a highly multimode structure to reduce its overlap with the waveguide interfaces, thus relaxing the fabrication processing requirements. Microresonators with intrinsic quality factors (Q) of 31.8 $\pm$ 4.4 million are experimentally demonstrated. Although the microresonators support 10 transverse modes only the fundamental mode is excited and no higher order modes are observed when using nonlinear adiabatic bends. A record-low threshold pump power of 73 $\mu$W for parametric oscillation is measured and a broadband, almost octave spanning single-soliton frequency comb without any signatures of higher order modes in the spectrum spanning from 1097 nm to 2040 nm (126 THz) is generated in the multimode microresonator. This work provides a design method that could be applied to different material platforms to achieve and use ultrahigh-Q multimode microresonators.