Baryogenesis in the Standard Model and its Supersymmetric Extension

TL;DR

This paper classifies effective $U(1)$ symmetries in the Standard Model and MSSM, showing how $B-L$ violation at high energies can enable baryogenesis through out-of-equilibrium processes without explicit baryon or lepton number breaking.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive classification of effective symmetries and demonstrates new pathways for baryogenesis involving $B-L$ violation at high scales.

Findings

$B-L$ violation above 30 TeV can facilitate baryogenesis.

Out-of-equilibrium dynamics can generate baryon asymmetry without explicit symmetry breaking.

Effective charges in SM and MSSM can lead to baryon asymmetry through primordial processes.

Abstract

In this work, we classify all the effective $U(1)$ symmetries and their associated Noether charges in the Standard Model (SM) and its minimal supersymmetric extension (MSSM) from the highest scale after inflation down to the weak scale. We then demonstrate that the discovery of the violation of baryon minus lepton number ($B-L$) which pinpoints to its violation in primordial Universe at any cosmic temperature above $30$ TeV will open up a new window of baryogenesis in these effective charges above this scale. While the fast SM baryon number violation in the early Universe could be the first piece to solve the puzzle of cosmic baryon asymmetry, $(B-L)$ violation could be the second important piece. In the background of expanding Universe, there is ample opportunity for out-of-equilibrium processes to generate an asymmetry in the numerous effective charges in the SM or the MSSM, making a baryon asymmetric Universe almost unavoidable. Finally we provide examples in the SM and the MSSM where baryogenesis can proceed through out-of-equilibrium dynamics without explicitly breaking baryon nor lepton number.