Asymptotically flat, spherical, self-interacting scalar, Dirac and Proca stars

TL;DR

This paper compares self-gravitating solitons in Einstein-Klein-Gordon, Einstein-Dirac, and Einstein-Proca models with self-interactions, revealing universal patterns across different spins in static, spherically symmetric spacetimes.

Contribution

It introduces self-interacting terms in matter fields, enabling Q-ball solutions and demonstrating universal features across different matter spins in gravitational solitons.

Findings

Existence of Q-ball--type solutions with self-interactions.

Universal patterns across scalar, Dirac, and Proca stars.

Self-interactions do not break the observed universality.

Abstract

We present a comparative analysis of the self-gravitating solitons arising in the Einstein-Klein-Gordon, Einstein-Dirac and Einstein-Proca models, for the particular case of static, spherically symmetric spacetimes. Differently from the previous study arXiv:1708.05674, the matter fields possess suitable self-interacting terms in the Lagrangians, which allow for the existence of $Q$-ball--type solutions for these models in the flat spacetime limit. In spite of this important difference, our analysis shows that the high degree of universality observed in arXiv:1708.05674 remains, and various spin-independent common patterns are observed.