Thermal and hard scales in transverse momentum distributions, fluctuations and entanglement

TL;DR

This paper investigates the relationship between thermal and hard scales in transverse momentum distributions across various high-energy collision processes, revealing a universal connection influenced by fluctuations.

Contribution

It introduces a simple linear relation between thermal temperature and hard scale, applicable across different collision types and energies, emphasizing the role of fluctuations.

Findings

A linear relation between thermal temperature and hard scale.

A universal function describes the entire spectrum of pp collisions.

Exploration of the link between soft and hard scale multiplicities.

Abstract

We analyze the transverse momentum distributions of pp, pPb, XeXe and PbPb collisions at different RHIC and LHC energies and centralities as well as the corresponding distributions for Higgs production decaying into $\gamma\gamma$ and 4l. A simple linear relation is found between the effective thermal temperature and the hard scale, approximately valid for all processes and mainly determined by the hard scale fluctuations. In order to go further, it is shown that the whole spectrum of pp collisions can be described by a single function showing that the thermal temperature is determined solely by the hard scale and its fluctuations. The possible relation between the multiplicities of the soft and hard scales is explored.