$Z_1$-oscillation in the retarding force of metals for slow ions: Comparative study of theoretical modelings

TL;DR

This paper reviews theoretical models of the retarding force in metals for slow ions, introduces new two-channel results, and compares them with experimental data on $Z_1$-oscillation in carbon targets.

Contribution

It presents a comparative analysis of different theoretical models and introduces new two-channel-based results for the average retarding force.

Findings

Theoretical models show varying predictions for $Z_1$-oscillation.

New two-channel results align closely with experimental data.

Differences in modelings significantly affect the predicted stopping power.

Abstract

Theoretical calculations, applying elements of the orbital-based density functional method for self-consistent screening in an electron gas to the stopping power of metals for slow projectiles are reviewed, by focusing on differences in modelings. New, two-channel-based results on the average retarding force are presented. All theoretical results are compared with pioneering experimental data, obtained for carbon target, on $Z_1$-oscillation in stopping at random collisional condition.